See for more themes.
| Q4: SOP and the Scriptures understanding of "sin" and "sin-offering" HYPOTHESIS: How does SOP view the two "sin words" in Scripture, 'chata' and 'chattaah' ? INTRODUCTION: This study looks at something unheard in the Seventh Day Adventist literature. Most of us read SOP in English, and never compare the understanding of English back to Hebrew. We assume the lesser light does not tell us about the greater light. Sadly in the New Testament, the two Hebrew words for "sin" are translated the same English word, spoiling things. How does SOP handle these two concepts? Ro 8:3 For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:
Here is a typical example...so how should it read in Hebrew?
Ro 8:3 For what the "torah-teachings" could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, "Elohiym" sending his own Son in the likeness of sin-offering flesh, and for sin-offering, condemned sin-offering in the flesh:
This takes on a very different meaning, doesn't it?
See a simpler presentation of SOP handling this theme.
See a detailed study of every word using chata in both OT and NT Scripture.
See a detailed study of every word using chattaah in both OT and NT Scripture.
METHOD: Quite a few SOP is shown, just to give the reader an unbiased feel for the theme at hand.
CONCLUSION: The reader may be shocked by this different reverence for the lesser light showing us the greater light, but consistently SOP tells us what "sin" is supposed to mean in Hebrew thinking.
Sometimes "sinning" is intended, sometimes "sin-offering" is intended. There differences between these word meanings are slight, yet significant.
DISCUSSION: The presentation of SOP and comments are below:
The two "sin" words..
The law of God existed before the creation of man or else Adam could not have sinned. After the transgression of Adam the principles of the law were not changed, but were definitely arranged and expressed to meet man in his fallen condition. Christ, in counsel with His Father, instituted the system of sacrificial offerings; that death, instead of being immediately visited upon the transgressor, should be transferred to a victim which should prefigure the great and perfect offering of the Son of God. (1SM 230.1)
The "torah-teachings" of "Elohiym" existed before the creation of man or else Adam could not have sinned. After the transgression of Adam the principles of the "torah-teachings" were not changed, but were definitely arranged and expressed to meet man in his fallen condition. Christ, in counsel with His Father, instituted the system of sacrificial offerings; that death, instead of being immediately visited upon the transgressor, should be transferred to a victim which should prefigure the great and perfect offering of the Son of "Elohiym". (1SM 230.1)
This SOP says a great introduction to the theme under study. Notice, "torah-teachings" do not change.
The sins of the people were transferred in figure to the officiating priest, who was a mediator for the people. The priest could not himself become an offering for sin, and make an atonement with his life, for he was also a sinner. Therefore, instead of suffering death himself, he killed a lamb without blemish; the penalty of sin was transferred to the innocent beast, which thus became his immediate substitute, and typified the perfect offering of Jesus Christ. Through the blood of this victim, man looked forward by faith to the blood of Christ which would atone for the sins of the world. (1SM 230.2)
The "sin-offerings" of the people were transferred in figure to the officiating priest, who was a mediator for the people. The priest could not himself become an offering for "sin-offering", and make an atonement with his life, for he was also a sinner. Therefore, instead of suffering death himself, he killed a lamb without blemish; the penalty of "sin-offering" was transferred to the innocent beast, which thus became his immediate substitute, and typified the perfect offering of Jesus Christ. Through the blood of this victim, man looked forward by faith to the blood of Christ which would atone for the "sin-offerings" of the world. (1SM 230.2)
Can the reader see the Hebrew in SOP ? The SOP words are NOT changed, nor is there any different meanings placed upon them, there are in fact showing us Hebrew meanings in English.
Le 4:3 If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering.
Even KJV cannot translate consistently for the same Hebrew word in two places in the same verse... Here is a better translation..
Le 4:3 If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the "guilt of trespass" of the people; then let him bring for his sin-offering, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering.
There seems two words in Hebrew for guilt "avon" the "twisting secure" and "asham" the "strong pressed flow". Avon seems to be a guilt in your mind, whereas Asham is the guilt people see in trespass. Notice how SOP deals with poor translations and brings to us clear words in English.
If Adam had not transgressed the law of God, the ceremonial law would never have been instituted. (1SM 230.3)
If Adam had not transgressed the law of God, the ceremonial "torah-teachings" would never have been instituted. (1SM 230.3)
Most Jews see "torah-teachings" as a single concept, 613 rules about conduct. However SOP shows there are
two concepts of "torah-teachings", the "ceremonial law" and the "moral law". Does Scripture agree with this?
De 31:26 Take this book of the law "torah-teachings", and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, that it may be there for a witness against thee.
These verses show us there are two aspects of "torah", the discipline instructions of the Father come from "moral-law", known today ass the "ten commandments".
The "ceremonial-law" are the teachings of Jesus, as a witness to His Father, as a simile as a Mother's teachings, they are intended to guide and point the directions of life.
The Father's instructions are more like discipline, they show us our need for a Saviour (Jesus) because of our transgression of the Father's ten codes for love.
The sacrificial offering was to be an object lesson of the love of God revealed in Christ--in the suffering, dying victim, who took upon Himself the sin of which man was guilty, the innocent being made sin for us. (1SM 233.3)
The sacrificial offering was to be an object lesson of the love of God revealed in Christ--in the suffering, dying victim, who took upon Himself the "sin-offering" of which man was guilty, the innocent being made "sin-offering" for us. (1SM 233.3)
Some in our faith wrongly assume Jesus became "sin" for us on the Cross. Notice the verse that says this:
2Co 5:21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
2Co 5:21 For he hath made him to be "sin-offering" for us, who knew no "sin-offering"; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
The verse says Jesus became a "sin-offering" for us, but did not become "sin" for us. Is there a difference? Well yes. Catholic theories of faith assume Jesus became "sin" for us on the Cross,
that the Father treated Jesus as the world's worst sinning sinner. This is not how SOP or Scripture sees this. Read the earlier SOP presented above and note the words "type" or "figure" or "likeness" or "prefigure".
The love of God now reaches out to embrace the lowest, vilest sinner that will come to Christ with contrition. It reaches out to transform the sinner into an obedient, faithful child of God; but not a soul can be saved if he continues in sin. Sin is the transgression of the law, and the Arm that is now mighty to save will be strong to punish when the transgressor passes the bounds that limit divine forbearance. (RH, June 17, 1890 par. 5)
The love of "Elohiym" now reaches out to embrace the lowest, vilest sinner that will come to Christ with contrition. It reaches out to transform the sinner into an obedient, faithful child of "Elohiym"; but not a soul can be saved if he continues in "sin-offering". "Sin-offering" is the "doing" "against-torah", and the Arm that is now mighty to save will be strong to punish when the transgressor passes the bounds that limit divine forbearance. (RH, June 17, 1890 par. 5)
Why is "sin-offering" against Jesus torah ? Because Jesus is empowering you to remain sinless, not partake in His "sin-offering" over and over. You are "missing" out on His power, to save.
Notice this verse:-
Heb 10:26 For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins,
Heb 10:26 For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for "sin-offerings",
This is exactly what SOP is saying. Jesus forebearance has limits. A sinner cannot keep on making the same "sin-offerings" for the same "sinning" over and over. You need to start seeking Jesus power of victory. Now some "pet sinnings" take us years to overcome because we are weak and FOOLISH.
But eventually all known wilful sinning must be overcome in Jesus powerful Name. Otherwise this is evidence, ye have not seen Jesus nor have an intimate relationship with Him.
1Jo 3:6 Whosoever abideth in him sinneth not: whosoever sinneth hath not seen him, neither known him.
This verse is translated correctly with Hebrew meaning. A sinner cannot keep on sinning the same pet-sinnings. Can not Jesus power remove the propensities to sinning? Yes. It is your thinking during sinning you need to will.
Either your thinking of your sinning and it's nice pleasure, or your thinking about Jesus. You cannot do both simultaneously. So choose in your will, whom you will think about in your propensities of temptation.
See a small study of SOP and propensities.
If we take Christ for our guide, He will lead us safely. The veriest sinner need not miss his way. Not one trembling seeker need fail of walking in pure and holy light. Though the path is so narrow, so holy that sin cannot be tolerated therein, yet access has been secured for all, and not one doubting, trembling soul need say, "God cares nought for me." . . . (AG 264.5)
Notice "sin" is defined here as "miss" and this is the correct Hebrew meaning for "chata", to be found "missing" out on God's power, that keeps us on the narrow path.
That Book contains the warnings, the admonitions, from God, the rebuke of every evil, the clear definition of sin as the transgression of the law which is God's great standard of virtue and holiness. . . . Not one who will study the Word of God and apply its teachings will miss the way.--Letter 4, Dec. 23, 1893, to "Dear Brethren and Sisters." (UL 371.7)
That Book contains the warnings, the admonitions, from "Elohiym", the rebuke of every evil, the clear definition of "sin-offering" as the "doing" "against-torah" which is "Elohiym's" great standard of virtue and holiness. . . . Not one who will study the Word of God and apply its teachings will miss the way.--Letter 4, Dec. 23, 1893, to "Dear Brethren and Sisters." (UL 371.7)
Why then does "sin-offering" also reference "miss the way"? When a sinner does sinning, he is already a believer in GOD...Cain wasn't a believer, because he chose his own torah method for his own salvation, so Cain is really a symbol of antichrist with a salvation system contrary to Scripture torah. So the sinner comes to the torah teachings about what to do with sinning, and confesses that sinning unto our Sin-bearer (Jesus) who takes our sin-offerings and makes us right again before GOD.
The "Word" of God, is a symbol of Jesus, witnessing for His Father, He is our "sin-offering", so if as a believer we "miss the way" we are missing Jesus, who takes away our "sin-offerings".
In other words "sin-offering" can also be a Person, you, Jesus, or Satan, depending upon whom is carrying those sin-offerings, you transferred your own sinning to.
Jesus Became Sin For Us And Suffered Alone
Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none. Psalm 69:20. {CTr 278.1}
The spotless Son of God hung upon the cross, His flesh lacerated with stripes; those hands so often reached out in blessing, nailed to the wooden bars; those feet so tireless on ministries of love, spiked to the tree; that royal head pierced by the crown of thorns; those quivering lips shaped to the cry of woe. And all that He endured�the blood drops that flowed from His head, His hands, His feet, the agony that racked His frame, and the unutterable anguish that filled His soul at the hiding of His Father�s face�speaks to each child of humanity, declaring, It is for thee that the Son of God consents to bear this burden of guilt; for thee He spoils the domain of death, and opens the gates of Paradise.�The Desire of Ages, p. 755. {CTr 278.2}
In the sufferings of Christ upon the cross prophecy was fulfilled. Centuries before the crucifixion, the Saviour had foretold the treatment He was to receive. He said, �Dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet. I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me. They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture.� The prophecy concerning His garments was carried out without counsel or interference from the friends or the enemies of the Crucified One. To the soldiers who had placed Him upon the cross, His clothing was given. Christ heard the men�s contention as they parted the garments among them. His tunic was woven throughout without seam, and they said, �Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be.� {CTr 278.3}
To those who suffered death by the cross, it was permitted to give a stupefying potion, to deaden the sense of pain. This was offered to Jesus; but when He had tasted it, He refused it. He would receive nothing that could becloud His mind. His faith must keep fast hold upon God. This was His only strength. To becloud His senses would give Satan an advantage. {CTr 278.4}
The enemies of Jesus vented their rage upon Him as He hung upon the cross. Priests, rulers, and scribes joined with the mob in mocking the dying Saviour. At the baptism and at the transfiguration the voice of God had been heard proclaiming Christ as His Son. Again, just before Christ�s betrayal, the Father had spoken, witnessing to His divinity. But now the voice from heaven was silent. No testimony in Christ�s favor was heard. Alone He suffered abuse and mockery from wicked men.�Ibid., p. 746. {CTr 278.5}
This passage is added for the reader to note, the word "Jesus Became Sin For Us" is added entirely by the compilers, and not found in this SOP passage.
Anyone advocating this idea are promoting the traditions of men.
I hope the reader is beginning to have a reverance for SOP. The words in SOP are pure and correct rendering of the Hebrew. But reading them can be misleading if you also do not read Scripture in Hebrew, to make sure
the reading is good. For a babe, reading SOP guarentees a good understanding of Hebrew, without reading our Scripture in Hebrew, and this is OK. But we need to be beware of scholars who come with strange teachings
contrary to Scriptural Hebrew suggesting different concepts, as the traditions of men.
What SOP says "Jesus became"-
No where does SOP say "Jesus became sin for us".
In the temple Jesus met the man who had been healed. He had come to bring a sin offering and also a thank offering for the great mercy he had received. Finding him among the worshipers, Jesus made Himself known, with the warning words, "Behold, thou art made whole: sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee." {DA 204.2}
Here SOP writes beautifully, the Scripture is also translated correctly.
Christ taught that His church is a spiritual kingdom. He Himself, "the Prince of peace," is the head of His church. In His person humanity, inhabited by divinity, was represented to the world. The great end of His mission was to be a sin-offering for the world, that by the shedding of blood an atonement might be made for the whole race of men. With a heart ever touched with the feelings of our infirmities, an ear ever open to the cry of suffering humanity, a hand ever ready to save the discouraged and despairing, Jesus, our Saviour, "went about doing good" (Acts 10:38). . . . {AG 14.4}
SOP writes plainly here !
Why doesn't SOP make plain writings all the time? To prevent confusion over Scripture translation, to allow those with pride to be lost in their pride. Doesn't Scripture say things of GOD are hidden?
Mt 13:13 Therefore speak I to them in parables: because they seeing see not; and hearing they hear not, neither do they understand.
"Jesus mission was " to be a sin-offering for the world (EGW Quote)
Joh 1:29 .. Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the "sin-offerings" of the world.(JOHN Quote)
Does the reader get a stronger idea how SOP deals gently with poor translations? The deeper truths are there, we just have to dig them out.
He leaves all judgment to His Son, whom He gave as a sin offering for the world. {12MR 143.1}
God made Christ the great sin offering to save fallen man. {14MR 82.1}
These SOP also say the same this. Therefore we can safely say SOP is equating the Hebrew word "chattaah" as "sin-offering".
And this makes a slight but significant change to the meaning of these two words for "sin".
likeness of "sin-offering" flesh..
Now let's investigate another English term "sinful", what does SOP mean by this, which is an adjective, and Hebrew rarely if at all has adjectives.
The Hebrew places two nouns together "Chattaah""basar" (which the Greek translates "hamartia""sarx") so this construct is assumed to be an adjective.
Let's see what SOP says:-
I am a weak, sinful man. Christ was holy, harmless, undefiled. He did no sin, neither was guile found in His mouth. {AA 570.1}
Not much help here. The word "sin" in SOP is not explained, nor is "sinful".
Sinful man can find hope and righteousness only in God; and no human being is righteous any longer than he has faith in God, and maintains a vital connection with Him. A flower of the field must have its roots in the soil; it must have air, dew, showers, and sunshine. It will flourish only as it receives these advantages, and all are from God. So with men. --Testimonies to Ministers, pp. 366, 367. {ChL 34.3
No help explaining this here, though the relationship connection to GOD is well explained.
He (Jesus) had had no communion with sin, had known nothing of it; but he came to this world, and took upon his sinless soul the guilt of sinful man, that sinners might stand justified before God. He grappled with temptation, overcoming in our behalf. The Son of God, pure and unsullied, bore the penalty of transgression, and received the stroke of death that brought deliverance to the race. {CEv 38.1}
Much help here, the term "sinful man" refers to "guilt"...notice this is a term of transferring a confessed sin unto a sin bearer, so we can translate the SOP correctly:-
He (Jesus) had had no communion with "sin-offering", had known nothing of it; but he came to this world, and took upon his sinless soul the guilt of sinful man, that sinners might stand justified before God. He grappled with temptation, overcoming in our behalf. The Son of God, pure and unsullied, bore the penalty of transgression, and received the stroke of death that brought deliverance to the race. {CEv 38.1}
So the term "sinful man" refers to our guilt, arising from our sinning. Notice the Scripture:-
Ro 8:3 For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:
And translated correctly :-
Ro 8:3 For what the "ceremonial torah teachings" could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, "Elohiym" sending his own Son in the likeness of "sin-offering" "flesh", and for "sin-offering", condemned "sin-offering" in the flesh:
So let's ask some questions to make our readers clear:
If I do some sinning does that make my flesh also sin? No
If I do some sinning does that make my flesh also sinful? No
Am I born with sinful flesh? No
If I do some sinning , do I become a "sinful man" ? Yes, because in English the term man can also mean other things apart from our flesh.
Notice this phrase Peter spoke about himself:
Lu 5:8 When Simon Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus' knees, saying, Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord.
Translated correctly according to Hebrew meanings.
Lu 24:7 Saying, The Son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again.
(KJV)
Translated correctly according to Hebrew meanings.
Does the reader see how difficult it is for SOP to deal with a correct idiom "sinful man" referring to the acts of sinning, and "sinful man" referring to an assumed poor translation
for the "likeness of sinful flesh", these terms are different, but the traditions of men assume them the same.
This is why people say we are born sinful...when we are not. We become sinners by choosing to do sinning.
When sinful man can discern the inexpressible love of God in giving His Son to die upon the cross, we shall better understand that it is infinite gain to overcome as Christ overcame. And we shall understand that it is eternal loss if we gain the whole world, with all its pleasure and glory, and yet lose the soul. Heaven is cheap enough at any cost. {Con 78.1
The term here "sinful man" refers to "men guilty of doing sinning". The above Scripture show us this concept.
Thus, through the atoning sacrifice of Christ, sinful man was granted another trial. {FW 30.1}
The term here "sinful man" refers to "men guilty of doing sinning".
The Lord Jesus took upon Him the form of sinful man, clothing His divinity with humanity. But He was holy, even as God is holy. If He had not been without spot or stain of sin, He could not have been the Saviour of mankind. He was a Sinbearer, needing no atonement. One with God in purity and holiness of character, He could make a propitiation for the sins of the whole world. {OFC 251.2} Christ is the light of the world. Through Him light is shining amid the moral darkness. If He were not light, the darkness would not be apparent, because light reveals darkness. The clearer the light, the more manifest the contrast between light and darkness. Let the light be removed, and there is nought but darkness. {OFC 251.3}
Notice carefully the SOP here...
Ever since Adam's sin, the human race had been cut off from direct communion with God; the intercourse between heaven and earth had been through Christ; but now that Jesus had come "in the likeness of sinful flesh" (Romans 8:3) , the Father Himself spoke. He had before communicated with humanity through Christ; now He communicated with humanity in Christ. Satan had hoped that God's abhorrence of evil would bring an eternal separation between heaven and earth. But now it was manifest that the connection between God and man had been restored. {DA 116.2}
Notice carefully the SOP here...The Scripture is quoted (poorly translated) but never corrected, nor commented or explained.
Adam's sin "chata" which means "missing" did cause the human race to be cut off from the grand communication to GOD. This is what "missing" really means. Sinning is a relationship breakdown.
The people well knew that in itself the serpent had no power to help them. It was a symbol of Christ. As the image made in the likeness of the destroying serpents was lifted up for their healing, so One made "in the likeness of sinful flesh" was to be their Redeemer. Romans 8:3. Many of the Israelites regarded the sacrificial service as having in itself virtue to set them free from sin. God desired to teach them that it had no more value than that serpent of brass. It was to lead their minds to the Saviour. Whether for the healing of their wounds or the pardon of their sins, they could do nothing for themselves but show their faith in the Gift of God. They were to look and live. {DA 174.4}
SOP says alot here. The serpent upon the pole is a symbol of "sin-offering", and a BEING, who takes up our confessed sins as a sin-offering, is a symbol of Jesus, or you, or Satan.
See a contrast with the Hebrew word "serpent" (saraph) here.
The term "likeness of sinful flesh" is a symbolic picture of the "sin-offering" or "sin-bearer" unto the pole, taking our confessed sins as a "sin-offering"...our response is to look and live, by faith.
Christ's life represents a perfect manhood. Just that which you may be, He was in human nature. He took our infirmities. He was not only made flesh, but He was made in the likeness of sinful flesh. His divine attributes were withheld from relieving His soul anguish or His bodily pains (Letter 106, 1896). {5BC 1124.2
This SOP speaks a little deeper. Jesus took up man's fallen flesh. But this flesh was not sinful.
The Scripture says our flesh is condemned...
Ro 5:14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.
Ro 5:16 And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment was by one to condemnation,
When Adam sinned, death came over our flesh as a result of GOD's judgement of condemnation.
How do we know this ? Well our flesh eventually dies. Does this mean our flesh is sinful ? No
Notice Romans 5:14 says even to Him who had no sinning after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come, tells us Jesus came in our condemned flesh, but did no sinning.
Hence He needed no sin-offering for his flesh, and thus could offer His flesh for the sinning of others, as long as those sinners confessed their sins and transferred their sinning unto the sin-offering body of Jesus.
So if we are not born sinners, but are born condemned, why do we become sinners, guilty of sinning?
Ro 5:19 For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.
A poor translation in one word...
Ro 5:19 For as by one man's disobedience many were "ruled" sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be "ruled" righteous.
We become sinners because Satan is the natural ruler over this world, as a result of Adam's sinning.
See studies of "kathistemi" and Scripture study method".
Jesus is the perfect pattern, and it is the duty and privilege of every child and youth to copy the pattern. Let children bear in mind that the child Jesus had taken upon Himself human nature, and was in the likeness of sinful flesh, and was tempted of Satan as all children are tempted. He was able to resist the temptation of Satan through His dependence upon the divine power of His heavenly Father, as He was subject to His will, and obedient to all His commands. He kept His Father's statutes, precepts, and laws. He was continually seeking counsel of God, and was obedient to His will. {SD 128.2}
Jesus overcame sinning through faith in His Father, as we can also do through faith in Jesus.
So Jesus was made in the likeness of sinful flesh. He came as the sin-bearer. . . . {SD 222.2}
Again SOP is clear, Jesus never took up in his body "sinful flesh", he became our "sin bearer" and sacrificed His body as a "sin-offering".
He had taken upon himself the sins of the world. In the likeness of sinful flesh he condemned sin in the flesh. He recognized the claims of the Jewish law until his death, when type met antitype. In the miracle he performed for the leper, he bade him go to the priests with an offering in accordance with the law of Moses. Thus he sanctioned the law requiring offerings. {RH, May 6, 1875 par. 11}
Jesus had taken upon himself the sin-offerings of the world. In the likeness of sin-offering flesh Jesus condemned sin-offering in the flesh. He recognized the claims of the Jewish law until his death, when type met antitype. In the miracle he performed for the leper, he bade him go to the priests with an offering in accordance with the law of Moses. Thus he sanctioned the law requiring offerings. {RH, May 6, 1875 par. 11}
How well SOP explains this after all is now presented above.
Do you imagine that you can leave off sin by your own human power a little at a time? You cannot do this; Jesus was treated as a sinner when he assumed the likeness of sinful flesh, that the sinner might be treated as righteous. ..... {ST, August 8, 1892 par. 2}
Jesus took up the penalty for our sinning, the "sin-offerings" of the world, he did not become sinning for us, or sin for us, or that the Father treated Jesus as the world's worst sinner because of transferred sins became his sins.
A sin-offering flesh, is just that an innocent lamb dying for someone else's sinning.
A search for all hits with SOP
SOP does not say anything about these themes.
On the next webpage, we look at how does SOP views the term "love feast".
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